Rangkuman Materi Bahasa Inggris Materi Reading

ENGLISH LEARNING MODULE

“ READING ”

Name    : Muhammad Raihan

Class     : XII Science 3

SMA Negeri 103 Jakarta

Perum Klender, Jl. Mawar Merah VI, RT.13/RW.4, Malaka Jaya, Duren Sawit, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13460

Text Descriptive

·         Descriptive writing creates an impression in the reader’s mind of an event, a place, a person, or thing. The writing will be such that it will set a mood or describe something in such detail that if the reader saw it, they would recognize it. Descriptive writing will bring words to life and makes the text interesting. 

·         Generic Structure

o   Identification: (contains about the introduction of a person, place, animal or object will be described.)

o   Description: contains a description of something such as animal, things, place or person by decribing its features, forms, colors, or anything related to what the writer describe.

·         Examples Text

Daniel Jacob Radcliffe

Daniel Jacob Radcliffe is a British actor.

He is best known for playing harry potter in the feature film series based on a popular book series.

Radcliffe was born on 23 July 1989 in Queen Searle Hospital West London, England.

He is the only child of Alan Geirge Radcliffe, a literary agent and Marcia Jeanette Garcia, a casting agent who was involved in several films.

Best Friend

My best friend is Ernesto and he is my classmate. We go to school together.

Ernesto comes from an educated family. His father is a school principal and his mother is also a teacher.

He is punctual, well-educated, and has good manners. He is really hard working. He always does his homework. He is also well-deressed and well-behaved. All teacher have a high opiniom of him.

Ernesto has a well-built body. He is gentle but fearless. He takes part in all sports, scout, trekking and mountaineering activities. He has a good heart. He is truthful, honest and obedient.

He also plays the guitar, and he makes his parent very proud of him. He secures good marks and is usually top of his class examinations. He inspire me to work harder. He keeps me away from bad company. I am happy to have such a friend.

·         Exercise

On the banks of the Chao Phraya, Bangkok’s “River of Kings”, lies a hotel that has already set new standards of hospitality for this celebrated city.

Set in magnificently lanscaped tropical gardens, the Shangri-La Bangkok provides guests with all the charm and warmth of the orient and, at the same time, unsurpassed range of facilities and leisure activities.

There is a choice of 12 superb settings in which to wine and dine, a large free-form swimming pool that overlooks the river, conventoin and meeting facilities for up to 2000 people, and a 24-hour business centre.

And, from every single guest room and suite, there is a breathtaking view of all the exotic hustle and bustle of the fabled “River of Kings”.

One might expect such a well-equipped and positioned hotel to be miles away from the city center but, at Shangri-La Bangkok the busness district and main shopping areas are mere minutes away.

From more than 200 years, Bangkok’s granduer has been reflected in the waters of the Chao Phraya. Today, the Shangri-La Bangkok towers beside this majestic river, offers its guests the golden promise of the East.

1.      The text mainly focuses on…………..
a. Bangkok’s granduer
b. Shangri-La Bangkok
c. Bangkok’s ”River Kings”
d. the water of the Chao Praya
e. the majestic river in Bangkok

2.      The type of text above is a/an……………
a. report
b. recount
c. anecdote
d. narrative
e. descriptive

3.      For how many people the meeting facilities are up to?
a. 6000 people
b. 4000 people
c. 2000 people
d. 5000 people
e. 1000 people

4.      The communicative purpose of this text is………………
a. to describe Chao Praya
b. to retell events for entertainment
c. to present at least two points of view about an issue
d. to tell the luxury of Shangri-La Bangkok
e. to inform readers, listeners, or viewers about events of the day

5.      What’s place that you can go in Shangri la-Bangkok with a minutes time …

a.       Shopping areas

b.      Gym areas

c.       Football areas

d.      Government areas

e.       School areas

Text Announcement

·         Announcement text is a text that describes a notification about an event that will be held, and is more for the general audience does not like the text that is specific Invitation.

·         Purpose Of Announcement text
The purpose is to inform the announcement text information about an event, job vacancies, new enrollment, new admissions, and so on.

·         Announcement text component

1. "Title"

is a title that specifies that the announcement contains what, and usually describes a general overview, Example English speech contest.

2. Explanation

is part of the text that contains the announcement of details of the event and is usually associated, when the time such information will be held, where location information will be done.

·         Exampel Text

Singing Competition

Announcement !

Our school will have a Singing Competition that will be held on 12 May 2017

Registration will be held on 6th-9th at OSIS room. Free registration and full of prize!

Contact person : Octa (0838 1234 5678)

Announcement

Pencak Silat Merpati Putih open a recruitment for new members. For all students that interested can come to the A1 class at Sunday at 8 am.

Please bring a photo 3×4 size.

For more information, contact our Panggih at 0812 3456 1234

Thank you

Simatupang and Partners Law Firm



is pleased to announce that they have opened their law practice on September 1, 2012 in 4 different cities

New clients are welcome

A law firm for all family matters:

Real estate, estate planning & administration, traffic, personal injury divorce/custody/support, wills/trust, adoption, and home visits

Main Office : Jalan Kebayoran 5 Bandung

Branches : Jalan Angsana Timur 456 Jakarta

              Jalan Agiwiyata 688 Surabaya

        Jalan Surabaya 343 Bogor

A new branch office in Semarang will open next month.

·         1. According to the text, clients who live in Surabaya can go to branch office for consultation.
A. Jalan Kebayoran 5  
B. Jalan Angsana Timur 456
C. Jalan Agiwiyata 688  
D. Jalan Surabaya
E. Semarang 

2. From the text, we know that ....
A. the law firm has six offices 
B. the main office is in Surabaya 
C. the office has four branch offices now 
D. they recently opened a branch in Bandung 
E. they will soon have five offices in Indonesia 

·         The following text is for questions 1 and 2.

We are announcing today that we are bringing the California Milestone and Ever Green brands even closer together. Effective December 5, 2012, our official name will be: Green Miles West The substitution of “West” in our name replacing “California” is the result of an agreement we reached with California Gardening Association, following a protest over the original use of “California” in our name. We hope this does not create any confusion among our loyal customers. While this represent a change from our initial name introduction, it does not change the quality of products we offer our customers

3. The company assures its customers that they will always maintain the . . . of their products.
A. price
B. origin
C. quality
D. sale
E. quantity

4. The name “Green Miles West” is . . . .
A. a new name was given to Green Miles California
B. a new name of a merger of two company
C. a new name given from The California Gardening Association
D. a name of a new company that deals with gardening
E. a name given to a company formed by the Gardening Association

PT. PLN

Republic of Indonesia

Invitation for Submission of Interest (EOI)

Consulting Service for Project Implementation

Strengthening West Kalimantan Power Card

ADB LOAN

Referring to our invitation of submission of interest (EOI) which was published in Jakarta Post 4th of July 2012 Edition, we hereby announce that :
1. The deadline for submission of EOI is on August 5th, 2012 to the address below. All firms will be advised of the result of their EOI. Only firms that have been short-listed will be invited to submit a technical proposal. The names and addresses of short-listed firms will be published.
2. Further information from background documents can be obtained at the address given below.
Attention : Chairman of Procurement Consultant Committee
PT. PLN (Persero) Kantor Pusat
Main Building 15th floor
Jl. Trunojoyo 12190, Indonesia
Tel     : 62-21-7251234 ext 1293, 1382
Fax    : 62-21-72277042
Email : ratnasari.sjamsudin@pin.co.id
           Aqha.mubarik@pin.co.id

5. The announcement is released by . . . .
A. PT. PLN (Persero) 
B. Republic of Indonesia
C. The Jakarta Post
D. Procurement Consultant Committee
E. Ratnasari Sjamsuddin

Text Recount

·         Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative

• Generic Structure of Recount

1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time

2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past

3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story

·         Example Text

Vacation To London

Mr. Richard’s family was on vacation. They are Mr. and Mrs. Richard with two sons. They went to London. They saw their travel agent and booked their tickets. They went to the British Embassy to get visas to enter Britain. They had booked fourteen days tour. This includes travel and accommodation. They also included tours around London

They boarded a large Boeing flight. The flight was nearly fourteen hours. On the plane the cabin crews were very friendly. They gave them news paper and magazine to read. They gave them food and drink. There was a film for their entertainment. They had a very pleasant flight. They slept part of the way.

On arrival at Heathrow Airport, they had to go to Customs and Immigration. The officers were pleasant. They checked the document carefully but their manners were very polite. Mr. Richard and his family collected their bags and went to London Welcome Desk. They arranged the transfer to a hotel.

The hotel was a well-known four-star hotel. The room had perfect view of the park. The room had its own bathroom and toilet. Instead of keys for the room, they inserted a key-card to open the door. On the third floor, there was a restaurant serving Asian and European food. They had variety of food.

The two week in London went by fast. At the end of the 14-day, they were quite tired but they felt very happy.

Visiting Bali

There were so many places to see in Bali that my friend decided to join the tours to see as much as possible. My friend stayed in Kuta on arrival. He spent the first three days swimming and surfing on Kuta beach. He visited some tour agents and selected two tours. The first one was to Singaraja, the second was to Ubud.

On the day of the tour, he was ready. My friend and his group drove on through mountains. Singaraja is a city of about 90 thousands people. It is a busy but quiet town. The street are lined with trees and there are many old Dutch houses. Then they returned very late in the evening to Kuta.

The second tour to Ubud was a very different tour. It was not to see the scenery but to see the art and the craft of the island. The first stop was at Batubulan, a center of stone sculpture. There my friend watched young boys were carving away at big blocks of stone. The next stop was Celuk, a center for silversmiths and goldensmiths. After that he stopped a little while for lunch at Sukawati and on to mass. Mass is a tourist center

My friend ten-day-stay ended very quickly beside his two tour, all his day was spent on the beach. He went sailing or surfboarding every day. He was quiet satisfied.

·         Exercise

Text 1

On Wednesday, my students and I went to Yogyakarta. We stayed at Dirgahayu Hotel which is not far from Malioboro.

On Thursday, we visited the temples in Prambanan. There are three big temples, the Brahmana, Syiwa and Wisnu temples. They are really amazing. We visited only Brahmana and Syiwa temples, because Wisnu temple is being renovated.

On Friday morning we went to Yogya Kraton. We spent about two hours there. We were lucky because we were led by a smart and friendly guide. Then we continued our journey to Borobudur. We arrived there at four p.m. At 5 p.m. we heard the announcement that Borobudur gate would be closed.

In the evening we left for Jakarta by wisata bus.

1. The text above mainly discusses about……..
a. the writer’s trip to Yogyakarta
b. the writer’s first visit to Prambanan
c. the writer’s impression about the guide
d. the writer’s experience at Yogya Kraton
e. the writer’s impression about Borobudur

2. The text is written in the form of a/an………
a. recount
b. narrative
c. report
d. anecdote
e. spoof

3. The purpose of the text is to……….
a. tell past events
b. entertain readers
c. describe the smugglers
d. report an event to the police
e. inform readers about events of the day

4. What are the big temples in Prambanan?
a. angkor wat, syiwa, and sudra temples
b. paria, brahmana, and temples
c. brahmana, syiwa, and wisnu temples
d. wisnu, syiwa, and borobudur temples
e. borobudur, syiwa, and brahmana temples

5. When did they go home?
a. On Saturday morning
b. On Friday evening
c. On Thursday evening
d. On Friday afternoon
e. On Saturday evening

Text Narrative

·         A narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people

·         Generic Structure of Narrative Text
Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.

Complication : Where the problems in the story developed.

Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved. Problem can be, “happy ending” or “bad ending”.

Coda / reorientation (optional) – lesson from the story

·         Examples Text

The Rabbit and the Turtle

One day a rabbit was boasting about how fast he could run. He was laughing at the turtle for being so slow.

Much to the rabbit’s surprise, the turtle challenged him to a race. The rabbit thought this was a good joke and accepted the challenge. The fox was to be the umpire of the race. As the race began, the rabbit raced way ahead of the turtle, just like everyone thought.

The rabbit got to the halfway point and could not see the turtle anywhere. He was hot and tired and decided to stop and take a short nap. All this time the turtle kept walking step by step by step. He never quit no matter how hot or tired he got. He just kept going.

However, the rabbit slept longer than he had thought and woke up. He could not see the turtle anywhere! He went at full-speed to the finish line but found the turtle there waiting for him.

Cinderella

Orientation
Once upon time, there was a beautiful girl called Cinderella. She lived with her stepsisters and stepmother. They were very bossy. She had to do all the housework.
Complication
One day an invitation to the ball came to the family. Her stepsisters did not let her go, so Cinderella was very sad. The stepsisters went to the ball without her.
Resolution
Fortunately, the good fairly came and helped her to get to the ball. At the ball, Cinderella danced with the prince. The prince felt in love with her then he married her. They live happily ever after.

·         Exercise

A Woman and the Wolves

A long time ago, very few people lived in the New Territories. There were only a few villages. If the people wanted to go from one village to another, they often had to pass through wild and unsafe forest.

One day, a farmer’s young wife went to the next village to visit her own mother and brother. She brought along her baby son. When it was time for her to leave, her brother said “ it is getting dark. Let my son, Ah Tim go with you though the forest.”

So Ah Tim led the way and the young woman followed behind, carrying her baby. When they were in the forest, suddenly they saw a group of wolves. They began to run to avoid the danger, but Ah Tim kicked against a stone and fell down. At once the wolves caught him. The young woman cried to the wolves, “ please eat my own son instead.” Then, she put her baby son on the ground in front of the wolves and took her nephew away.

Everyone understood that this was because the woman was very good and kind. She had offered her own son’s life to save her nephew.

They ran back to the house and called for help. All men in the village fetched thick sticks and went back with her into the forest. When they got there, they saw something very strange. Instead of eating the woman’s baby the wolves were playing with him.

Read the text, then choose the best choice to each questions.

1. What separated between one village to another a long time ago in the New Territories ?
a. Another village
b. Mountains
c. Forests 
d. Hills v

e. Towers and logs

2. Who walked in front when they were in the forest ?
a. Ah Tm 
b. The woman
c. The woman’s son
d. Her brother’s nephew
e. The baby and his mother

3. How could the wolves catch Ah Tim ?
a. He was afraid
b. He was stumbled by a stone 
c. He ran slowly
d. The woman cried
e. The wolves were good runners

4. The woman gave her son to the wolves because
a. She loved her nephew than her son.
b. She thought about how her brother would be 
c. She wanted her son was eaten by the wolves
d. She was crazy
e. She kept a grudge on his brother

5. What did the villagers bring sticks for ? 
a. For the weapon to beat the wolves 
b. To bring the woman’s nephew 
c. For the fire woods. 
d. For play 
e. For building a house for the woman.

Analytical Exposition Text

·         Analytical exposition is a text that elaborates the writer’s idea about the phenomenon surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader that something is the case.

·         Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition

1. Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position

2. Arguments: Explaining the arguments to support the writer’s position

3. Reiteration: Restating the writer’s position

·         Examples Text

The Importance of Breakfast

Why is breakfast important? “Breakfast like a King, Lunch like a Prince and Dine like a Pauper” It’s a well known phrase, but do you follow it?

Breakfast provides many benefits to our health and wellbeing. Breakfast provides the body and brain with fuel after an overnight fast – that’s where its name originates, breaking the fast! Without breakfast you are effectively running on empty, like trying to start the car with no petrol!

Breakfast support cognitive function. Breakfast also restores glucose levels, an essential carbohydrate that is needed for the brain to function. Breakfast provides energy, studies have shown how eating breakfast can improve memory and concentration levels and it can also make us happier as it can improve mood and lower stress levels.

Breakfast provides energy needs. People’s energy needs vary depending on activity levels and life stage but typically men require more energy than women. Growing children require a lot of energy, as an example boys aged 7-10 years should consume approximately 1970 kcals per day, and girls aged 7-10 years should consume approximately 1740 kcals.

The importance of Sleep

Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being throughout your life. Getting enough quality sleep at the right times can help protect your mental health, physical health, quality of life, and safety. Why Is Sleep Important?

Sleep helps your brain work properly. While you’re sleeping, your brain is preparing for the next day. It’s forming new pathways to help you learn and remember information.

Studies show that a good night’s sleep improves learning. Whether you’re learning math, how to play the piano, how to perfect your golf swing, or how to drive a car, sleep helps enhance your learning and problem-solving skills. Sleep also helps you pay attention, make decisions, and be creative.

Physical Health often relate to quality sleep. It plays an important role in your physical health. For example, sleep is involved in healing and repair of your heart and blood vessels. Ongoing sleep deficiency is linked to an increased risk of heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and stroke.

Besides that, sleep also helps maintain a healthy balance of the hormones that make you feel hungry (ghrelin) or full (leptin). When you don’t get enough sleep, your level of ghrelin goes up and your level of leptin goes down. This makes you feel hungrier than when you’re well-rested.

·         Exercise

Nowadays, the police have been applying the new regulation concerning the use of seat belts. In European countries, this regulation has been applied for a long time. However, this new regulation has become controversial and is an interesting topic to discuss. Here are some of the arguments.

The use of seat belts has been proven to reduce the risk of injury or death in an accident. Seat belt has become a standard component in cars. The research shows that most car accident will cause an injury to the head. Frequently, drivers or the passengers driving without seat belts die because of this. By wearing the seat belts, the injury will not happen since belts restrain our body on the car seat when the accident happens.

Unfortunately, many cars, especially the old ones, don’t have seat belts. This is because the traffic conditions in the past were unlike the recent traffic conditions. The designer of old cars didn’t consider a seat belt as an important part. Besides, the drivers wearing the seat belt will think that they are completely safe, so they may drive carelessly. They are safe, indeed, but how about safety of others?

The seat belt is only one of the ways to reduce the risk of car accidents. It doesn’t mean that we are completely safe. In short, our safety depends on ourselves.

1. Which one is true according to paragraph 3?
(A) old cars do not use seat belts
(B) the old cars have seat belts for their safety
(C) the drivers wearing seat belts may drive carefully
(D) the traffic conditions in the past were similar to the recent
(E) the old cars’ designer considered a seat belt as an important part

2. What is the function of seat belts?
(A) to reduce the traffic conditions
(B) to become a standard component in cars
(C) to reduce the risk of injury or death in an accident
(D) to prevent the drivers driving cars carefully
(E) to increase the risk of injury in car accidents

3. Who considered a seat belt as an unimportant part?
(A) police
(B) people
(C) drivers
(D) passengers
(E) old cars designers

4. “… that they are completely safe.” (Paragraph 3)
What does the word ‘they’ refer to?
(A) cars
(B) seat belts
(C) drivers
(D) designers
(E) others

Use of Formalin and Other Additives in Foods

The use of formalin and other dangerous preservatives in food has been serious problem for three reasons. Firstly, formalin is not for human beings, but it is for biological specimens and experiments. Formalin in Biology is a 10% solution of formaldehyde in water which is usually used as a disinfectant or to preserve biological specimens. Thus, it is not for food preservatives. Of course when it is used for food preservative, it will be very dangerous to human’s body.

The second reason is that there is no tight control from the government. This condition makes the people’s health is really in a threat. When the control is weak and the use formalin was spread wide all over the Indonesian regions, and these days it has really happened, the citizen's bodies will be badly contaminated with the poisons. Fish or food traders still sell their products which contain formalin and dangerous preservatives. Can you imagine that our digestive system absorbs the substance that should be for the human and animal corpses?

Considering the reasons, we can make a conclusion that the use of formalin and other preservatives is really a serious problem if it is not resolved immediately.

5. Why is formalin dangerous for human`s body?
A. It is not food preservatives. 
B. It is a disinfectant for human beings. 
C. It is used to preserve biological specimens. 
D. It is 10% solution of formaldehyde in water. 
E. It is controlled flighty from the government.

6. The main idea of paragraph 2 is ....
A. the human`s bodies will be harmful after consuming the formalin 
B. the government has not controlled the use of formalin firmly. 
C. the weak control of using formalin is not threatening the human 
D. the human`s bodies will be harmful after consuming the formalin 
E. the use of formalin is known all over the regions

Hortatory Exposition Text

·         Hortatory exposition is a text which represents the attempt of the writer to have the addressee do something or act in certain way.

·         Generic Structure of Hortatory exposition Text
# Thesis : Thesis is the announcement of issue concern.
# Arguments : Argument is reason for concern, leading to recommendation.
# Recommendation : Recommendation is statement of what ought or ought to happen.

·         Examples Text

The Importance of Speaking English

English nowadays has an important role in our daily life. It is the massive means of communication. Is there a strong argument which says that English will not give any benefit? 

Learning to speak English well may be the best way to improve our life. It seems all the people in the world have agreed to use English to talk to each other. About 1,500,000,000 people in the world speak English. While another 1,000,000,000 are still learning English.

If we can communicate in English, we can contact people from all over the world. We can talk about our ideas and opinions on Internet discussion groups. We can chat with other interesting people to learn about their life and culture.

If we can communicate in English, we can travel more easily. English is spoken in more than 100 countries. If we lost, we can ask directions or ask for help. Who knows, English will save our life somewhere someday.

That is why we should make every effort possible to find somebody to speak with. Where can we find people who can speak English with us? We can find them at school, shopping mall, tourist destination, etc

Above all, don't be afraid to speak English. We must try to speak, even if we make mistakes. We cannot learn without mistakes. So, speak English as much as possible! 

Television for Social Construction

Television is today a part of daily life. It is not only a source of entertainment but also news and information. television is also a valuable tool for science, education and industry

What makes television even more interesting is that action is accompanied by sound, so that we can see as well as hear what on the television. Today we can stay at home and enjoy entertainment that once could be seen only in cinema, theaters and sport arenas. Television enables to meet important people. It can bring important guests and important scene to receivers who are located anywhere.

Television has a great influence on our idea about what is right and what is wrong. It influences the way which we should behave. Television has close related to our life in general. Some times the value and life style we get from television are in conflict with those that we get at home and school. 

Critics point out that crime and TV show often appeal to taste for violence, while many games and quizzes appeal to greedy. it is important to suggest that television should be used for socially constructive purpose for the shake of better life. 

·         Exercise

Anybody who is over the age of six knows that there is nowhere safe for skateboarders to skate. This prevents young people from enjoying an active, energetic and adventurous pastime.

Just watch a local street for a short while and note the steady stream of skaters speeding up and down the footpaths. Toddlers can be trampled on and old ladies can be knocked down as they struggle home carrying their cat food from supermarkets.

Skateboarding is a serious sport that improves young people’s health. It increases fitness, improves balance and strengthens the joints in knees and ankles. Although it appears to be a solo sport, when groups practice together and compete to perform stunts or runs they form firm friendships.

Young people should be prevented from becoming overweight couch potatoes. If they are actively involved in skating, they do not smoke, take drugs or break laws for fun.

Kids will always seek thrills and excitement. They need to practice their 180s, 360s and Ollie’s free from restrictions. We must build skate parks in the suburbs so that streets are safe for small children and senior citizens and skaters have spaces where they can race, chase, speed, and soar towards the sun.
1. Where do the kids usually ride their skateboard?
A. In the main roads and foot paths.
B. In front of the supermarket.
C. In front of their home.
D. In the suburbs.
E. In the park.

2. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
A. There is no safe place for skateboarders.
B. Kids seek an excitement in skate.
C. The goodness of skateboarding.
D. The skateboarding is a serious sport.
E. How to prevent overweight by skateboarding.

3. The writer’s purpose in writing the text is ….
A. to invite the local teenagers to skate in a park built specifically for skaters.
B. to convince the readers that they need a safe place for skaters to skate.
C. to provoke youngsters into the local government policy.
D. to promote the writer’s business of skateboarding class.
E. to inform parents about the goodness of skateboarding.

4. What must we do to let the skaters play?
A. Join with them anywhere.
B. Give them space in the park.
C. Let them play in the main roads.
D. Let them play in the local street.
E. Build a skate park in the suburbs.

5. They need to practice their 180s, 360s and Ollie’s free from restrictions. (Paragraph 5)
The synonym of the underlined word is ….
A. Approval
B. Allowance
C. Improvement
D. Prevention
E. Limitation

Invitation Text

·         An invitation is a request, a solicitation, or an attempt to get another person to join you at a specific event.

·         Generic Structure of Invitation Text

1. Date: It is the month, day and year that the letter is written on.
2. Greeting: Some times we call it “salutation”. It is the introductory phrase. It can be a phrase like:

• Dear Tono, Dear My friend, Dear My Brother, etc

• Body: All kinds of letter formal or informal have the letter body. This is the complete text of the letter or the subject matter content.

3. Closing: It is the farewell phrase. That is a word that precedes the signature and is followed by a comma. The phrases can be like; Yours truly, Sincerely, Respectfully yours, Regards, etc.
4. Signature: This the place where you writ your name and signature.

·         Examples Text

To: Reva
Would you like to come to my parents wedding anniversary party.

The party will be held:

Day/ date: Sunday/11 march 2016
Time: 07.00 pm
Place: at my house
No meaning without your coming.

Your Best friend

Boy

Student’s organization
SMP Tunas Bangsa
Jl. Sumpah pemuda no.1 Indonesia

Dear Nia
We invite you to attend our meeting that will be held:
Day/date: Saturday/11 July 2016
Time: 10.00 pm
Place: At AULA school
The meeting will discuss about preparation class meeting completion.
Please come on time, se you there.
Dian                                                              Rudy
Secretary                                                    Chairperson

·         Exercise

Please join us
as we celebrate our
40th Anniversary
Rahmat and Wati Juminten
Friday, May 7th
6.30p.m -10.OOp.m
Pondok Indah, South Jakarta 
(Dinner is available) 
RSVP 65412397
(Nanang/ Nini/ Nita)

1. The type of the party above is …
A. Birthday Party
B. Graduation Party
C. Marriage Party
D. New year party
E. Ceremonial new house party

2. The purpose of the invitation text above is…?
A. To tell an good relationship
B. To describe a certain party
C. To persuade people to have marriage
D. To invite people to join the party
E. To share the happiness

 

Dear Bianca Jodie, 
Time counted so fast
Let’s celebrate new year’s eve together!
Sunday, December 31st
9 p.m. until drop
at Dragonfly Bar
Jln Gatot Subroto
Sincerely, 
Hannah

3. What is the purpose of the invitation text above?
A. To make a new relation
B. To spend time together
C. To have conversation with old friend
D. To reunite with old friends
E. To celebrate the new year’s eve

4. From the invitation text above, we can say that?
A. Bianca and Hannah have not good relationship
B. Bianca Jody invites Hannah to celebrate new year’s eve together
C. The Dragonfly Bar is not at Jln. Gatot Subroto
D. The party started from 9 p.m.
E. The party ended at midnight

Glad if you can attend and laugh with us in
Graduation Party
In respect of our Daughter’s perseverance and persistence
Isyana Sarasvati has graduated from an Msi
(Master of Science from Bandung Institute Technology)
Accompany with us on
Sunday, Mei 30, 2019 at 8 p.m.
The Suite Room, Hermitage Hotel.
Afgan and Melly Goeslaw
RSVP 65412397

5. Who is graduated from Bandung Institue Technology?
A. Afgan
B. Melly Goeslaw
C. Isyana Sarasvati
D. Afgan’s son
E. Afgan and Melly Goeslaw

Explanation Text

·         Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

·         Generic structure of Explanation

General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.

Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

·           Examples Text

Tsunami

The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means harbour (“tsu”) and wave (“nami”). A tsunamigk is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or the sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale.

A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth’s crust can occur at plate boundaries.

Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunamis, and occur where denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates.

As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.

Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.

How Day and Night Happen

The sun seems to rise in the morning, crosses the sky during the day and sets at night. However the sun does not actually move around the earth. Earth’s turning on its axis makes it look as if the sun is moves.

The earth makes a complete turn on its axis for 24 hours. It is called as rotation. It causes day and night. The earth also moves around the sun. It takes 365 days or a year. This process is called revolution. The revolution process causes the changes of the season

·         Exercise

The following text is for questions 37 to 40.

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

1. What is the text about?
A. The digestive system
B. The digestive juice
C. The method of the digestive system
D. The process of intestine work
E. The food substances

2. How can we swallow the food easily?
A. The food changes into acids absorbed by the villi.
B. The food must be digested first through the process.
C. The food is directly swallowed through esophagus into the stomach.
D. The food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach.
E. The food we take must be changed into substances carried in the blood to the places.

3. From the text above, we imply that ….
A. a good process of digestive system will help our body becoming healthier.
B. no one concerned with the process of digestive system for their health.
C. the digestive system is needed if we are eating the food instantly.
D. every body must conduct the processes of digestive system well.
E. the better we digest the food we eat, the healthier we will be.


4. “Human body is made up of countless millions of cells.” (Paragraph 1)
The underlined phrase means ….
A. produced
B. managed
C. arranged
D. completed
E. constructed

Biodiesel is a clean burning substitute for petroleum based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is made of vegetable oil. To make or manufacture Biodiesel, you must first start with raw materials. The raw materials needed in the production of Biodiesel are a small amount of methanol and a ready supply of vegetable product. One of the most common vegetables used in the production of Biodiesel is corn, although depending on the geographic location of the manufacturing facility many other plants are used as well (rapeseed, soybeans, flaxseed, etc.). The first step is to use the raw vegetable product to make vegetable oil. Vegetable oil by itself will not be what you need to power a car, from here it has to be processed into Biodiesel. The process for converting vegetable oil into Biodiesel is sometimes called ester interchange. To complete this process the vegetable oil has to be combined with a smaller amount of methanol and then put in the presence of a small quantity of an alkaline catalyst (for example, 5% to 1% sodium hydroxide). Vegetable oil is made up of so-called triglycerides, which is a compound of the trivalent alcohol glycerin with three fatty acids. The goal of ester interchange is to separate the glycerin molecule from the three fatty acids and replace it with three methanol molecules. This process then yields roughly 90% Biodiesel and 10% of a glycerin byproduct. The glycerin byproduct can be used in a number of other chemical processes for different industries.

5. What is the text about?

A.     The process of making Biodiesel.

B.     The use of the Biodiesel.

C.     The advantage of using the Biodiesel.

D.     The benefit of producing the Biodiesel.

E.      The development of the Biodiesel product.

6. What are interchanged in the process of ester interchange?

A.     The three fatty acids with the glycerin molecules.

B.     The glycerin molecule with three methanol molecules.

C.     Methanol with the three fatty acids.

D.     Vegetable oil with methanol

E.      Methanol and alkaline catalyst.

Report Text

·         Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis

·         Generic Structure of Report

General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general

Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials

·         Examples Text

Platypus; a report text

Many people call platypus duckbill because this animal has a bill like duckbill. Platypus is a native Tasmania and southern and eastern Australia.

Platypus has a flat tail and webbed feet. Its body length is 30 to 45 cm and covered with a thick, and woolly layer of fur. Its bill is detecting prey and stirring up mud. Platypus’ eyes and head are small. It has no ears but has ability to sense sound and light.

Platypus lives in streams, rivers, and lakes. Female platypus usually dig burrows in the streams or river banks. The burrows are blocked with soil to protect it from intruders and flooding. In the other hand, male platypus does not need any burrow to stay.

Venice

Venice is a city in northern Italy. It is the capital of region Veneto. Together with Padua, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area. Venice has been known as the “Queen of the Adriatic”, “City of Water”, “City of Bridges”, and “The City of Light”. The city stretches across 117 small islands in the marshy Venetian Lagoon along the Adriatic Sea in northeast Italy.

Venice is world-famous for its canals. It is built on an archipelago of 117 islands formed by about 150 canals in a shallow lagoon. The islands on which the city is built are connected by about 400 bridges. In the old center, the canals serve the function of roads, and every form of transport is on water or on foot.

You can ride gondola there. It is the classical Venetian boat which nowadays is mostly used for tourists, or for weddings, funerals, or other ceremonies. Now, most Venetians travel by motorised waterbuses (“vaporetti”) which ply regular routes along the major canals and between the city’s islands. The city also has many private boats. The only gondolas still in common use by Venetians are the traghetti, foot passenger ferries crossing the Grand Canal at certain points without bridges.

You can see the amusing city’s landmarks such as Piazza San Marco, Palazzo Contarini del Bovolo, Saint Mark’s Cathedral or villas of the Veneto. The villas of the Veneto, rural residences for nobles during the Republic, are one of the most interesting aspects of Venetian countryside.

They are surrounded by elegant gardens, suitable for fashionable parties of high society. The city is also well known for its beautiful and romantic view, especially at night.

·      Exercise

For many years people believed that the cleverest animals after man were the chimpanzees. Now, however, there is a proof that dolphins may be even cleverer than these big apes.

Although a dolphin lives in the sea, it is not a fish. It is a mammal. It is in many ways, therefore, like a human being.

Dolphins have a simple language. They are able to talk to one another. It may be possible for man to learn how to talk to dolphins. But, this will not be easy because dolphins cannot hear the kind of sounds man can make. If man wants to talk to dolphins, therefore, he will have to make a third language which both he and the dolphins can understand.

Dolphins are also very friendly toward man. They often follow ships. There are many stories about dolphins guiding ships through difficult and dangerous waters.

1. The text above is in the form of………….
a. spoof
b. report
c. recount
d. procedure
e. narration

2. To tell the factual information, the writer mostly uses…………
a. passive voice
b. simple past tense
c. present perfect tense
d. simple present tense
e. present continuous tense

3. What kind of animal is dolphin?
a. insect
b. fish
c. mammal
d. bird
e. shark

4. Why talking to dolphin is not easy?
a. dolphins cannot hear the kind of man’s sounds
b. dolphins cannot think as human
c. dolphins like playing with man
d. dolphins feel annoyed by man
e. dolphins want to be free

5. What is the characteristic of dolphin according to the text?
a. fierce
b. friendly
c. naughty
d. shy
e. not responsible

Procedure Text

·      Procedure text  is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps. This text uses simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It also uses the temporal conjunction such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.

·         Generic Structure of Procedure

1.      Goal : It is containt the purpose of the text. (e.g : How to make spagheti)

2.      Material or Ingredient : it is containt of the materials that used in the process. (e.g : the material to cook omelette are egg, onion, vegetable oil, etc)

3.      Step : it is containt of the steps to make something in the goal. (e.g : first, wash the tomatoes, onion, ...., second cut the onions becomes slice. . . )

·         Examples Text

How to Make Meatballs

Ingredients:

• 1 kilo of very fine minced meat.
• 2 eggs.
• 300 grams of tapioca-flour.
• 4-8 cloves of garlic.
• 1 red onion.
• 1 teaspoon of white pepper.
• 2 teaspoons of salt.

The steps:

1. First of all, mix garlic, red onion, salt, and white pepper in a mortar or mixer.
2. Second, mix the spice-mixture with the eggs, the tapioca-flour and the minced meat.
3. After that, use your fingers, add a cup of water, and keep on working until the mixture feels soft and smooth.
4. Then, boil some water in a rather large pot, at least about 2 liters.
5. Next step, start rolling the mixture into small meatballs.
6. Finally, lower the meatballs into the boiling water. When they float up to the surface, the meatballs are ready to serve.

How to Make a Glass of Coffee

Materials :

• water
• Sugar
• Coffee
• Glass,
• Spoon
• kettle

Steps               :

• boil the water First
• Second, take two spoons of coffee and two spoons of sugar. put into a glass
• Next, pour the hot water into a glass
• Then, stir it gently
• Finally, your coffee is ready to drink

·         Exercise

How to Make Starfruit Punch

Ingredients

• 250 gr yellow starfruit in slices
• 100 ml water 2 spoonful of vanilla
• 8 teaspoonful of lemonade extract Procedure
• Put slices of starfruit and water in the blender. Wait until it’s soft. Skim it.
• Add syrup, lemonade extract, and soda water. Stir thoroughly.
• Pour it in the glass and put in the ice cubes.

Questions

1. What is the text about?

A. How to make starfruit punch

B. The ingredients of starfruit punch

C. How to use blender

D. How to stir thoroughly

E. How to slice starfruit

2.  …………………lemonade extract and soda water. Stir thoroughly.

(procedure)

The word printed in bold means….

A. to make smooth

B. to boil

C. to cut

D. to make dry

E. to move an object in order to mix it

3. Which of the following procedures is true?

A. Put slices of starfruit in the glass.

B. Put ice cubes in the blender.

C. Skim two spoonful of vanilla.

D. Skim the slices of starfruit and water which have already been softened.

E. Wait until the ice cubes are melted.

Chicken Soup

Ingredients:

3 pound, whole fried chicken
6 to 8 cups of water
1 diced garlic clove
1 cup of sliced onion
1 cup of sliced celery
½ cup of sliced carrots
2 cup of chopped leeks
3 tablespoons of fresh chopped parsley
Freshly ground black pepper
Pinch of salt

Method:

Rinse the chicken.

Place the chicken in a bowl and add vegetables, and enough water to cover them. Put the bowl into an oven and boil over medium-high heat.

Reduce heat to low and simmer, covered for 90 minutes. Remove the chicken from the heat. Serve the steaming hot chicken, garnished with parsley, salt and ground black pepper

4. What is the purpose of the text? 
a. To describe about the chicken soup
b. To explain what the chicken soup is
c. To show how to make the chicken soup 
d. To entertain the readers about the chicken soup

e. To show how to eat chicken soup

5. What do we do first after rinsing the chicken ? 
a. Put the bowl into an oven
b. Place the chicken in a bowl
c. Reduce heat to low and simmer
d. Add vegetable and enough water

e. Place to the pan

Job Application Letter

·         A job application letter (also known as a cover letter) is a letter you send with your resume to provide information on your skills and experience. This letter is your chance to “sell” yourself to an employer, explaining why you are an ideal candidate for a position.

·         Generic Structure of Job Application Letter

1. The Salutation: What is it? It is to address a person whose name you do not know. You can write Dear Sir or Madam
2. The Opening: It some phrases and short sentence to open your letter. You can use some below:
We are writing to inquire about…
We are writing in connection with…
We are interested in …and we would like to know…
We have received your letter of….
Thank you for your letter of….
3. The main message or body: This is the main content of your letter. When you are writing a business letter, the accuracy of the main content is absolutely very important. Your content should be neither too long nor too short.
4. The close: It is the way how you can end your business letter. Some phrases can be like:
I look forward to receiving your reply/order/products
Looking forward to hearing from you
I hope that this information will help
Please contact me/let me know if you need any further information
Please feel free to contact me if you have any further questions
5. The complimentary close: In the end you should write the correct complimentary word, such as:
Your Faithfully : It is used when you begin your letter Dear Sirs – Dear Sir – Dear Madam
Your Sincerely : this Phrase is used when the letter begins with a name such as Dear Mrs Smith,  Dear Mr Jones
Yours Truly or Truly Yours: They are used in the USA for business and formal letters.  These phrase are not used  formal correspondence in the UK.

·         Examples Text

THE HUMAN RESOURCES & ADMINISTRATION HEAD

May 28, 2010THE HUMAN RESOURCES & ADMINISTRATION HEAD
Inara Lightings, Ltd.

Abu Dhabi
United Arab EmiratesDear Sir or Madam:I am writing to explore the possibility of employment as Document Controller in your reputable firm. I am a Computer Science graduate of the University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City. I bring with me several years of experience as information systems analyst of leading companies that include Nissan Motor Philippines, Inc.My strong computer skills, knowledge of modern word processing software, and project management tools are but some of the things that make me an asset to your company.Attached is my resume for your perusal. Should you require any further information, I can be reached at 632-555-1234 (during regular business hours), or at 632-555-6789 (during regular business hours).

Sincerely,

RINI ROSYIDAH

The Royal Thai Embassy

April 2010

MS. PASSANA PONG
The Administrative Officer
The Royal Thai Embassy in Manila

Dear Ms. Pong:

I am a Communications graduate of the University of the Philippines-Diliman with several years of working experience gained from some of the Philippines’ reputable private firms, a non-governmental organization, and government.

I am writing to apply for the position of Executive Assistant advertised on jobstreet.com.ph on 10 May 2010. This position particularly interests me because it would enable me to make full use of my administrative and organizational skills. I have well-developed written and oral communication skills that can be very useful in carrying out the duties for the above-mentioned position.

On top of these competencies, I adhere to a work ethic and can effectively interact with people across all levels of the organizational structure. I believe I can be an asset to your organization.

My resume is enclosed with this cover letter. It shows my overall expertise and experience in the field. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss my suitability for the position and comply with your other requirements. I can be contacted during working hours at (632) 857-0100 local 1101.

Thank you very much.

Sincerely,
ADE IWAN
Applicant

·         Exercise

Choose the right answer!

APPLICATION LETTER

Mr. William Chan

Personenel Manager

Wong and Lim Consulting

PO Box 583, Kwai Chung

Kowloon

Dear Mr. Chan,

       I am writing to apply for the post of Management Trainee, which was advertised on the Student Affairs Office notice board of the Hongkong Polytechnic University on 1 March 2005.

My working experience at Lucky Star Garment Manufactory Limited improved my leadership skills, communication skills and ability to work in a team environment. I have fluent spoken and written English. I also have fluent spoken and written Mandarin, and can therefore work in mainland China.

Currently I am studying a B.A. in Management at the Hongkong Polytechnic University, graduating in 2005. Subjects which I am studying that are relevant to the post of Management Trainee include Operations Management, Human Resources Management, Accounting, Marketing and strategic Management.

During my studies I have had the post of Executive in management Society. While leading and organizing Management Society. While leading and organizing Management Society activities I have improved my ability to lead and supervise subordinates effectively, ability to work under pressure and ability to work in a team environment.

Working for Wong and Lim Consulting appeals to me because it has a good reputation and it provides excellent training. Your organization produces a high-quality service, and I can contribute to this with my leadership skills and my ability to work under pressure.

I am available for interview at any time. I look forward to meeting you.

Yours sincerely,

Wong Wai Man Wilfred

Excl : Resume

1.       What is the job title?

A.       Consultant

B.       Operation management

C.      Human resources management

D.      Accounting

E.       Management trainee

2.       What skills and personnel qualities are required?

A.       Leadership skills, communication skills and ability to work in a team environment

B.       Fluent spoken and written Mandarin

C.      Have known about environment

D.      Hard worker

E.       Willing to work overtime

3.       What is the name of the company or organization Wong Wai man Wilfred applying to?

A.       Lucky Star Garment Manufactory Limited

B.       Hong Kong Polytechnic University

C.      Marketing and Strategic Management

D.      Wong and Lim Consultant

E.       Executive in the Management Society

4.       Where does Mr. Chan live?

A.       In the city of China

B.       In the city of Hong Kong

C.      In the city of England

D.      In the city of Malaysia

E.       In the city of Singapore

5.       Who send the letter?

A.       Mr. Chan

B.       Mr. Wong

C.      Mrs. Lim

D.      Mr. Wong Wai Man Wilfred

E.       Mr. Kwai Chung

Caption Text

·         Caption text is brief description, heading, or title that identifier or introduces a document, graphic, photograph, or table.

·         Generic Structure

- the little
- the lead
- section headings

·         Examples Text